feat(combinatorics/simple_graph/regularity): Increment partition (#19051)
Define the increment partition and prove its two crucial properties:
* It has size depending only on the size of the original partition
* It increases the energy by a fixed amount
This is all internal to the proof of SRL, so I made most lemmas `private`.
Co-authored-by: Bhavik Mehta <bhavikmehta8@gmail.com>