feat(field_theory/adjoin): Compact elements of `intermediate_field` (#15438)
This PR proves some lemmas regarding compact elements of `intermediate_field`, essentially copying the analogous results for `submodule` from `linear_algebra/span.lean`. This PR combos with #15419.
Co-authored-by: tb65536 <tb65536@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: Yury G. Kudryashov <urkud@urkud.name>