feat(linear_algebra/affine_space): bundled affine independent families (#3561)
Define `affine_space.simplex` as `n + 1` affine independent points,
with the specific case of `affine_space.triangle`. I expect most
definitions and results for these types (such as `circumcenter` and
`circumradius`, which I'm currently working on) will be specific to
the case of Euclidean affine spaces, but some make sense in a more
general affine space context.