refactor(algebra/divisibility, associated): generalize instances in divisibility, associated (#3714)
generalizes the divisibility relation to noncommutative monoids
adds missing headers to algebra/divisibility
generalizes the instances in many of the lemmas in algebra/associated
reunites (some of the) divisibility API for ordinals with general monoids
Co-authored-by: Aaron Anderson <65780815+awainverse@users.noreply.github.com>