chore(order/initial_seg): move definitions of initial and principal segments (#15328)
We move the definitions of initial and principal segments from `set_theory/ordinal/basic.lean` to a new file `order/initial_seg.lean`. We minimally change this file, just doing the following:
- add a copyright header
- copy over existing documentation
- add a few `noncomputable` attributes
- localize the notation
- use `by_cases` in `initial_seg.lt_or_eq` (needed as the `classical` locale is no longer open)