feat(model_theory/substructures): Facts about substructures (#12258)
Shows that `closure L s` can be viewed as the set of realizations of terms over `s`.
Bounds the cardinality of `closure L s` by the cardinality of the type of terms.
Characterizes `closure L[[A]] s`.
Co-authored-by: Aaron Anderson <65780815+awainverse@users.noreply.github.com>