feat(geometry/manifold/bump_function): define smooth bump functions, baby version of the Whitney embedding thm (#6839)
* refactor some functions in `analysis/calculus/specific_functions` to use bundled structures;
* define `to_euclidean`, `euclidean.dist`, `euclidean.ball`, and `euclidean.closed_ball`;
* define smooth bump functions on manifolds;
* prove a baby version of the Whitney embedding theorem.