feat(analysis/convex/{basic,function}): add lemmas, golf (#11608)
* add `segment_subset_iff`, `open_segment_subset_iff`, use them to golf some proofs;
* add `mem_segment_iff_div`, `mem_open_segment_iff_div`, use the
former in the proof of `convex_iff_div`;
* move the proof of `mpr` in `convex_on_iff_convex_epigraph` to a new
lemma;
* prove that the strict epigraph of a convex function include the open
segment provided that one of the endpoints is in the strong epigraph
and the other is in the epigraph; use it in the proof of
`convex_on.convex_strict_epigraph`.