feat(number_theory/number_field): add definitions and results about embeddings (#14749)
We consider the embeddings of a number field into an algebraic closed field (of char. 0) and prove some results about those.
We also prove the ```number_field``` instance for ```adjoint_root``` of an irreducible polynomial of `ℚ[X]`.
Co-authored-by: Alex J. Best <alex.j.best@gmail.com>
From flt-regular
Co-authored-by: Xavier-François Roblot <46200072+xroblot@users.noreply.github.com>