feat(algebra/periodic): lifting to function on quotient group (#11321)
I want to make more use of the type `real.angle` in
`analysis.special_functions.trigonometric.angle`, including defining
functions from this type in terms of periodic functions from `ℝ`. To
support defining such functions, add a definition `periodic.lift` that
lifts a periodic function from `α` to a function from
`α ⧸ (add_subgroup.zmultiples c)`, along with a lemma
`periodic.lift_coe` about the values of the resulting function.