chore(model_theory/*): Split up big model theory files (#12918)
Splits up `model_theory/basic` into `model_theory/basic`, `model_theory/language_maps`, and `model_theory/bundled`.
Splits up `model_theory/terms_and_formulas` into `model_theory/syntax`, `model_theory/semantics`, and `model_theory/satisfiability`.
Adds to the module docs of these files.