feat(ring_theory/multiplicity,data/polynomial): add some `iff`s (#17731)
* Replace `multiplicity_eq_zero_of_not_dvd` with an `iff` lemma `multiplicity_eq_zero`.
* Add `padic_val_nat.eq_zero_iff`.
* Merge `polynomial.mem_root_set` and `polynomial.mem_root_set_iff` into `polynomial.mem_root_set_iff_of_ne`.
* Add new `polynomial.mem_root_set` that does not assume `p ≠ 0`.
* Do a similar modification to `polynomial.mem_root_set'`.
* Add `polynomial.root_multiplicity_eq_zero_iff`, `polynomial.mem_roots'`, and `polynomial.root_multiplicity_pos'`.
* Generalize `polynomial.root_set_maps_to` to `polynomial.root_set_maps_to'`, add new particular case `polynomial.root_set_maps_to`.
* Add `polynomial.root_set_maps_to`, use it to golf some proofs.
* Do not assume `[no_zero_smul_divisors _ _]` in `polynomial.aeval_eq_zero_of_mem_root_set`.