feat(geometry/manifold/smooth_manifold_with_corners): properties to prove smoothness of mfderiv (#15523)
* Define `achart`
* Rename and reformulate `mem_maximal_atlas_of_mem_atlas -> subset_maximal_atlas`
* Used to prove smoothness of `mfderiv` (that result still has to be generalized to `mfderiv_within`, so is not included yet)
* From the sphere eversion project