feat(data/polynomial/monic): add two lemmas on degrees of monic polynomials (#11259)
This PR is a step in the direction of simplifying #11139.
The two lemmas involve computing the degree of a power of monic polynomials.
[Zulip](https://leanprover.zulipchat.com/#narrow/stream/144837-PR-reviews/topic/.2311139.20taylor.20sum.20and.20nat_degree_taylor)