chore(*): add mathlib4 synchronization comments (#19076)
Regenerated from the [port status wiki page](https://github.com/leanprover-community/mathlib/wiki/mathlib4-port-status).
Relates to the following files:
* `algebra.category.Ring.colimits`
* `analysis.box_integral.partition.additive`
* `analysis.calculus.formal_multilinear_series`
* `analysis.convex.cone.basic`
* `analysis.convex.side`
* `data.nat.prime_norm_num`
* `field_theory.ax_grothendieck`
* `field_theory.intermediate_field`
* `field_theory.separable`
* `linear_algebra.annihilating_polynomial`
* `linear_algebra.charpoly.basic`
* `linear_algebra.free_module.strong_rank_condition`
* `linear_algebra.matrix.charpoly.minpoly`
* `linear_algebra.matrix.special_linear_group`
* `linear_algebra.trace`
* `measure_theory.function.strongly_measurable.basic`
* `representation_theory.basic`
* `ring_theory.fractional_ideal`
* `ring_theory.hahn_series`
* `ring_theory.henselian`
* `ring_theory.ideal.over`
* `ring_theory.localization.integral`
* `ring_theory.power_basis`
* `topology.instances.irrational`
* `topology.sheaves.sheaf_condition.opens_le_cover`
