feat(tooplogy/metric_space/hausdorff_distance): add lemmas about `thickening` (#15641)
* rename `emetric.exists_pos_forall_le_edist` ->
`emetric.exists_pos_forall_lt_edist`;
- don't assume that the compact set is nonempty;
- provide an `nnreal` number instead of an `ennreal`;
- claim strict inequality;
* add `metric.thickening_mem_nhds_set` and
`metric.cthickening_mem_nhds_set`;
* move `is_compact.exists_thickening_subset_open` below the
`cthickening` version, make it clear from the proof that the latter
implies the former;
* add `metric.has_basis_nhds_set_thickening` and
`metric.has_basis_nhds_set_cthickening`;
* add `continuous.tendsto_nhds_set`