feat(field_theory/splitting_field): generalize some results from field to domain (#10726)
This PR does a few things generalizing / golfing facts related to polynomials and splitting fields.
- Generalize some results in `data.polynomial.field_division` to division rings
- generalize `C_leading_coeff_mul_prod_multiset_X_sub_C` from a field to a domain
- same for `prod_multiset_X_sub_C_of_monic_of_roots_card_eq`
- add a supporting useful lemma `roots_map_of_injective_card_eq_total_degree` saying that if we already have a full (multi)set of roots over a domain, passing along an injection gives the set of roots of the mapped polynomial
Inspired by needs of flt-regular.
Co-authored-by: Johan Commelin <johan@commelin.net>