feat(analysis/normed_space/spectrum): adds easy direction of Gelfand's formula for the spectral radius (#10847)
This adds the easy direction (i.e., an inequality) of Gelfand's formula for the spectral radius. Namely, we prove that `spectral_radius đ a ⤠âĽa ^ (n + 1)âĽâ ^ (1 / (n + 1) : â)` for all `n : â` using the spectral mapping theorem for polynomials.
- [x] depends on: #10783