feature(algebraic_geometry/Scheme): the category of schemes (#3961)
The definition of a `Scheme`, and the category of schemes as the full subcategory of locally ringed spaces.
Co-authored-by: Johan Commelin <johan@commelin.net>
Co-authored-by: Kevin Buzzard <k.buzzard@imperial.ac.uk>
Co-authored-by: Scott Morrison <scott.morrison@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Ashvni <ashvni.n@gmail.com>