[DebugInfo][AMDGPU] Convert a debug-intrinsic method to debug records (#149505)
It appears this wasn't handled in the initial migration a year ago,
seemingly because it didn't lead to any test failures. Find and interpret
debug records in the same way the original code handled intrinsics. Note
that we drop a call to copyMetadata: debug records can't carry additional
metadata like instructions, nothing relies on this in AMDGPU AFAIUI.