[Clang] Implement CWG3005 Function parameters should never be name-independent (#138245)
We already attempted to implement this (it was the intent of the paper),
in that parameters were never considered name-independent. However, we
failed to check that any previously found parameter declaration was also
name-independent.
Note that, as worded, the current resolution is insufficient (I wrote to
CWG with better wording), but there is some consensus on the design
outcome.
Fixes #136373