[flang] Add hlfir.index op to represent index intrinsic function (#157575)
The change adds a new HLFIR operation. A call to index intrinsic now
becomes lowered into the hlfir.index op and then naive lowering of the
op translates it back to appropriate runtime call. The change set is
aimed to be functionally equivalent to exiting index functionality, but
is much more efficient in a case of presence of the 'kind' intrinsic
parameter.
Also fixed couple of parameter lowering issues which were revealed while
working on the index-related functional parts.