[msan] Strengthen LLVM/NEON floating-point<->int propagation (#196875)
This generalizes handleNEONVectorConvertIntrinsic() to apply it to LLVM
cross-platform floating point<->int conversion intrinsics. The handler
uses an all-or-nothing approach: if any bit of an input element is
uninitialized, the corresponding output element is fully uninitialized.
This approximates how a single bit flip in an integer can affect
multiple bits of the equivalent floating-point (likewise for FP to int).
This implements the future work suggested in
https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/pull/196429.