[clang] fix unresolved dependent template specialization mangling (#136201)
This fixes a regression introduced in #133610 which was reported here
#133610 (comment) and in #136119
This redoes previous attempt in #135111
When mangling a DTST which appears in the prefix,
the template name is not actually relevant, as its prefix is part of the
nested name anyway, and a
substitution is not allowed at that position in any case.
Fixes #136119