[NFCI][lldb][test] Fix mismatched C/C++ substitutions (#165773)
Most of the cases were where a C++ file was being compiled with the C substitution.
There were a few cases of the opposite though.
LLDB seems to be the only real culprit in the LLVM codebase for these mismatches.
Rest of the LLVM presumably sticks at least language-specific options in the common substitutions
making the mistakes immediately apparent.
I found these by using Clang frontend configuration files containing language-specific options for
both C and C++ (e.g. `-std=c2y` and `-std=c++26`).