[NVPTX] Validate user-specified PTX version against SM version (#174834)
When users explicitly specify a PTX version via `-mattr=+ptxNN` that's
insufficient for their target SM, we now emit a fatal error. Previously,
we silently upgraded the PTX version to the minimum required for the
target SM.
When no SM or PTX version is specified, we now use PTX 3.2 (the minimum
for the default SM 3.0) instead of PTX 6.0.