[MLIR][Python] Add get_parent_of_type helper (#185512)
The `op.parent` only returns the immediate parent, in which case
downstream users have to traverse the operation by themselves to find a
specific type op.
This PR adds a python function `get_parent_of_type()` to mlir.ir to
provide an API to do so.
The function mirrors the implementation here:
https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/blob/main/mlir/include/mlir/IR/Operation.h#L257-L273.
Instead of creating a new binding, reimplement it in python using
`isinstance()` is simpler.
