[llvm][DebugInfo][test] DwarfTest: parameterize LanguageDescription tests (#162863)
Better test coverage.
The round-tripping test makes sure that if we ever change
`llvm::dwarf::toDW_Lang` or `llvm::dwarf::toDW_LName`, we don't break
the `LanguageDescription` API.
The round-tripping test found an incorrect version check in
`llvm::dwarf::toDW_Lang`, which I corrected as part of this PR (see the
table at the bottom of https://dwarfstd.org/languages-v6.html for
reference).