Reland "[python] Bump Python minimum version to 3.8 (#78828)"
This reverts commit b6824c9d459da059e247a60c1ebd1aeb580dacc2.
This relands commit 0a6c74e21cc6750c843310ab35b47763cddaaf32.
The original commit was reverted due to buildbot failures. These bots
should be updated now, so hopefully this will stick.