[Clang][AArch64] Extract get target CPU by triple (NFC) (#179097)
This patch refactors the AArch64 target resolution in Clang driver,
extracting a new static local function called
`getAArch64TargetCPUByTriple` to reduce redundant checks at runtime.
Previously, `getAArch64TargetFeatures` would redundantly double-check
`march` and `mcpu` arguments. Also removes some uninformative comments
on the way.