[Clang][Parser] Accept contextual _except in MS compatibility mode (#223551)
Clang already accepts _try, _finally, and _leave under
-fms-compatibility, but rejects the corresponding _except spelling
because __except is recognized contextually by the parser rather than as
a reserved token.
This patch extends the contextual handler check to accept _except in
Microsoft compatibility mode and uses that check consistently in SEH and
C++ try-handler parsing. _except remains an ordinary identifier outside
the handler position, and -fms-extensions alone does not enable the
alias.
The change is limited to parsing; it does not modify SEH lowering, LLVM
IR, optimization, or runtime behavior.
Assisted-by: Claude Opus 5 (via VS Code)
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Co-authored-by: Adam Glass <adamglass@microsoft.com>