[Clang] Fix Sema::checkArgCount for 0-arg functions (#139638)
When calling a function that expects zero arguments with one argument,
`Call->getArg(1)` will trap when trying to format the diagnostic.
This also seems to improve the rendering of the diagnostic some of the
time. Before:
```
$ ./bin/clang -c a.c
a.c:2:30: error: too many arguments to function call, expected 2, have 4
2 | __builtin_annotation(1, 2, 3, 4);
| ~ ^
```
After:
```
$ ./bin/clang -c a.c
a.c:2:30: error: too many arguments to function call, expected 2, have 4
2 | __builtin_annotation(1, 2, 3, 4);
| ^~~~
```
Split from #139580.
---------
Co-authored-by: Mariya Podchishchaeva <mariya.podchishchaeva@intel.com>