[Clang][counted_by][NFC] Add missing tests for counted_by and __builtin_counted_by_ref (#232223)
Add Sema coverage for __builtin_counted_by_ref:
- a bit-field counter on a 'counted_by' pointer (not just a FAM),
- the '_or_null' and 'sized_by' variants, which return 'void *',
- qualified, enum, and typedef counter types, which determine the
returned pointee type,
- nested, anonymous, by-value, and subscripted bases.
Add CodeGen coverage for the base-expression shapes reaching a
counted_by flexible array member, for both __builtin_dynamic_object_size
and -fsanitize=array-bounds: call and side-effecting bases (which
__bdos must not re-evaluate), pointer chains, conditional bases, negative
constant indices, enum counters, and mixed index widths.