[libc][math][NFC] Fix GCC diagnostics in math tests (#241530)
Building the math test suite with GCC surfaces conversion, narrowing,
uninitialised-variable, and non-exhaustive return warnings, along with
-Wattributes visibility warnings under -fvisibility-inlines-hidden when
passing LIBC_ALWAYS_INLINE static_rounding functions as template
arguments.
Initialise tracking locals across range and shared tests, suffix float
and float16 test literals with exact f and f16 hexadecimal forms, cast
FModTest inputs with fputil::cast<T>, and wrap static_rounding helpers
in static functions for exhaustive expf and exp2f tests. Guard the
64-bit long exponent checks in LdExpTest with if constexpr and mark the
MPCUtils RoundingMode switch unreachable after covering all enumerators.
Assisted-by: Automated tooling, human reviewed.
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Co-authored-by: Tue Ly <lntue.h@gmail.com>