[clang][Driver] Ensure intermediate bitcode files are written according to `/Fo` (#189977)
With the following compilation process:
```
$ mkdir -p src/ tmp/
$ cat << 'EOF' > src/main.c
int main() { return 0; }
EOF
$ clang-cl /c /Fo:tmp/ /clang:-fembed-bitcode src/main.c
```
the object file `main.obj` is generated in the `tmp/` directory but the
intermediate `main.bc` is placed in the current working directory.
This PR ensures that intermediate `.bc` files are written to the same
directory specified by `/Fo`.