[MLIR][MemRef] Emit error on atomic generic result op defined outside the region (#172190)
While figuring out how to perform an atomic exchange on a memref, I
tried the generic atomic rmw with the yielded value captured from the
enclosing scope (instead of a plain atomic_rmw with
`arith::AtomicRMWKind::assign`). Instead of segfaulting, this PR changes
the pass to produce an error when the result is not found in the
region's IR map.
It might be more useful to give a suggestion to the user, but giving an
error message instead of a crash is at least an imrovement, I think.
See: #172184