[GlobalISel] Add G_EXTRACT_SUBVECTOR to computeNumSignBits (#216798)
Port the SDAG EXTRACT_SUBVECTOR computeNumSignBits handling to
GlobalISel. Offsets the demanded elements by the subvector index to
propagate sign bits from the source vector to the extracted subvector.
For scalable vectors, conservatively demands all elements.
Part of #150515.