[libc] Define _POSIX_THREADS and support _SC_THREADS in sysconf (#201091)
Defined the _POSIX_THREADS macro to 202405L in unistd-macros.h for Linux
to signal POSIX thread support.
Also implemented runtime support for _SC_THREADS in sysconf, returning
_POSIX_THREADS, and added _SC_THREADS and _POSIX_THREADS to the public
unistd.yaml specification.
Added compile-time and runtime tests to verify _POSIX_THREADS definition
and sysconf(_SC_THREADS) behavior. Standardized header comments in
unistd-macros.h to conform to LLVM style.
Assisted-by: Automated tooling, human reviewed.
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Co-authored-by: Pavel Labath <pavel@labath.sk>