[compiler-rt] clang-cl: skip MSVC external-header probe; -std=c++ for unit-test compiles (#191564)
1. `check_cxx_compiler_flag` marked `COMPILER_RT_HAS_EXTERNAL_FLAG` true
for clang-cl, so `/experimental:external` and `/external:anglebrackets`
were passed and clang-cl warned they were unused. Now only probe with
real MSVC (not Clang); set the flag false otherwise; rely on that in
asan/interception/ubsan.
2. Custom compile lines for unit tests didn’t get C++17, so headers hit
`-Wc++17-extensions` (e.g. `constexpr if` / message-less `static_assert`
in FuzzedDataProvider / asan_fake_stack). Now append
`-std=c++${CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD}` or `-std=c++17` for C++ sources in
`clang_compile()` for both standalone and non-standalone builds.