[C11] Implement WG14 N1285 (temporary lifetimes) (#133472)
This feature largely models the same behavior as in C++11. It is
technically a breaking change between C99 and C11, so the paper is not
being backported to older language modes.
One difference between C++ and C is that things which are rvalues in C
are often lvalues in C++ (such as the result of a ternary operator or a
comma operator).
Fixes #96486
