[libc++] Simplify and optimize the run-benchmarks script (#181382)
Instead of configuring and running the benchmark suite once for SPEC and
once for the microbenchmarks, run it only once for everything. This
saves a configuration of the test suite (which includes building Google
Benchmark).
To replicate the functionality we had with --disable-microbenchmarks
(whose goal was mostly to run only SPEC), introduce a --filter argument
that can be used to select exactly which benchmarks are run. This is
simpler and more powerful.
Making this work requires hardcoding the only C++ standard that works
for SPEC (C++17) inside spec.gen.py instead of expecting it to be set
correctly when running the test suite.