[mlir][Interfaces][NFC] Simplify and align `RegionSuccessor` design / API (#174945)
Simplify the design of `RegionSuccessor`. There is no need to store the
`Operation *` pointer when branching out of the region branch op (to the
parent). There is no API to even access the `Operation *` pointer.
Add a new helper function `RegionSuccessor::parent` to construct a
region successor that points to the parent. This aligns the
`RegionSuccessor` design and API with `RegionBranchPoint`:
* Both classes now have a `parent()` helper function.
`ClassName::parent()` can be used in documentation to precisely describe
the source/target of a region branch.
* Both classes now use `nullptr` internally to represent "parent".
This API change also protects against incorrect API usage: users can no
longer pass an incorrect parent op. If a region successor is not a
region of the region branch op, it *must* branch out of region branch op
itself ("parent"). However, the previous API allowed passing other
operations. There was one such API violation in a [test
case](https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/pull/174945/files#diff-d5717e4a8d7344b2ff77762b8fa480bcfec0eeee97a86195c787d791a6217e13L71).
Also clean up the documentation to use the correct terminology (such as
"successor operands", "successor inputs") consistently.
Note: This PR effectively rolls back some changes from #161575. That PR
introduced `llvm::PointerUnion<Region *, Operation *>
successor{nullptr};`. It is unclear from the commit message why that
change was made.
Note for LLVM integration: You may have to slightly modify
`getSuccessorRegion` implementations: Replace
`RegionSuccessor(getOperation(), getOperation()->getResults())` with
`RegionSuccessor::parent(getResults())`.