[libc++][ranges] Implement LWG3904: `lazy_split_view::outer-iterator`'s const-converting constructor isn't setting `trailing_empty_` (#237550)
Copy `trailing_empty_` in `outer-iterator`'s const-converting
constructor. Previously, converting an iterator that points at the
trailing empty subrange (e.g. the second element of `"a,"` split by
`","`) made it compare equal to `default_sentinel`, so that subrange was
lost.
Fixes #105276