[clang][PAC] Fix crashes on _Atomic __ptrauth-qualified objects (#240294)
Implicit `_Atomic` operations on a `__ptrauth`-qualified object assert
in CodeGen, because the pointer-authentication helpers do not look
through `AtomicType`: https://godbolt.org/z/6KE7Ez5P4 (a trunk build, so
the link stops crashing once this lands).
Fix the crashes. In a build without assertions the same code miscompiled
an `_Atomic` function pointer under `-fptrauth-calls`, signing it twice
or leaving it unsigned. Nothing else changes: the tests simply document
current behavior, with a FIXME on what I propose fixing in follow-ups,
for example https://godbolt.org/z/hGosq14ea.
Assisted-by: AI