[libc][POSIX] Add clock_settime() function for Linux (#161729)
Closes #161461
- This is my first time contributing to libc's POSIX, so for reference I
used `clock_gettime` implementation for Linux. For convenience, here is
the description of `clock_settime` function
[behavior](https://www.man7.org/linux/man-pages/man3/clock_settime.3.html)