[clang][docs] Fix Sphinx 8.2 and MyST build errors in Clang docs (#220108)
Commit 66617db9163d bumped Sphinx to 8.2, Docutils to 0.22, and
MyST-Parser to 4.0.1.
When building Clang documentation with `-W`, this surfaced two
breakages:
1. `ControlFlowIntegrityDesign.md`: Dangling `[^ivtbl]` footnote
references without a matching footnote definition, leading to a docutils
`ERROR: Too many autonumbered footnote references: only 0 corresponding
footnote available` / `ERROR: Unknown target name: "ivtbl"`.
2. `ScalableStaticAnalysis/developer-docs/index.md`: `:numbered: true`
caused a `ValueError: invalid literal for int() with base 10: 'true'` in
MyST because `:numbered:` takes an integer depth or no argument. Fix it
to `:numbered:`.
AI tool usage: An AI assistant was used to help research and draft the
documentation updates.