[clang][modules] Remove `ModuleManager` in-memory buffers (#194753)
The last remaining undesirable `FileManager` usage in
`ModuleManager::addModule()` is the lookup in the in-memory buffers map.
This PR merges that functionality with the `InMemoryModuleCache`,
simplifying the code and removing unnecessary file system access via
`ModuleManager::lookupBuffer()`.
This is also useful downstream, where we already use the
`InMemoryModuleCache` for PCMs loaded from CAS, but don't have an
explicit way to represent the PCM location in `ModuleFile{Name,Key}`.