[WebAssembly][GlobalISel] Implement pointer and memory ops (v2) (#219072)
Implements a variety of pointer and memory related ops
(`G_GLOBAL_VALUE`, `G_PTR_ADD`, `G_LOAD`, `G_STORE`, etc.).
Split from #157161
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TODO (in future PR)
- Move `G_PTRTOINT`, `G_INTTOPTR`, `G_PTRMASK` selection to tablegen
(for all targets)
- MAYBE try to shuffle `G_GLOBAL_VALUE` selection elsewhere (e.g.
legalizer). Doesn't seem worth it?
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Reapplication of #206885 with some fixes and extensions.