[libc] Add stubs for POSIX netdb.h and getaddrinfo (#219337)
* Add the `<netdb.h>` POSIX header and declare `struct addrinfo` and
`freeaddrinfo` and `getaddrinfo` methods
as defined in
https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9799919799/functions/getaddrinfo.html
;
* Provide Linux-specific definitions for `EAI_` macro family;
* Add header/entrypoints to the list of "experimental" (i.e. WIP)
entrypoints on Linux systems;
* Create the proxy header harness for types / Linux-specific macro.
* Provide stub implementations - no-op `freeaddrinfo` and `getaddrinfo`
that returns `EAI_SYSTEM` and sets errno to `ENOSYS`. Validate this
behavior in unit tests.
Assisted by automated tooling, human-reviewed