[libc++] Short-cut constraints of single-argument `any` constructor (#177082)
When a default template argument of a function template uses
`std::is_copy_constructible<T>::value` and `T` is convertible from and
to `any`, the changes in 21dc73f6a46cd786394f10f5aef46ec4a2d26175 would
introduce constraint meta-recursion when compiling with Clang.
This patch short-cuts constraints of the related constructor to avoid
computing `is_copy_constructible<T>` when `decay_t<T>` is `any`, which
gets rid of constraint meta-recursion in the overload resolution of copy
construction of `T`.
Fixes #176877.
(cherry picked from commit aa5428864e86f8e38806fc92d14cadc68b3d0667)